<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pre\u010do mlad\u00e9 ovocn\u00e9 strom\u010deky nesta\u010d\u00ed len zasadi\u0165 a po p\u00e1r rokoch sa k nim vr\u00e1ti\u0165 s ko\u0161\u00edkom? Odpove\u010f je ukryt\u00e1 v samotnej biol\u00f3gii stromu. Rez nie je rozmar z\u00e1hradk\u00e1ra, ale vedom\u00fd z\u00e1sah, ktor\u00fdm stromu pom\u00e1hame zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 nov\u00e9 podmienky a pripravi\u0165 ho na dlh\u00fd a plodn\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rezom pom\u00e1hame stromu po v\u00fdsadbe prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sa nov\u00e9mu stanovi\u0161\u0165u. Postupne formujeme korunu tak, aby bola pevn\u00e1, preh\u013eadn\u00e1 a pr\u00edstupn\u00e1 pri zbere. Zlep\u0161ujeme presvetlenie, \u010d\u00edm v\u00fdrazne ovplyv\u0148ujeme kvalitu aj vyfarbenie plodov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z\u00e1rove\u0148 obmedzujeme striedav\u00fa rodivos\u0165, predl\u017eujeme \u017eivotnos\u0165 dreviny a upravujeme v\u00fd\u0161ku, v ktorej je koruna zalo\u017een\u00e1. Spr\u00e1vnym rezom vieme spomali\u0165 alebo zastavi\u0165 \u0161\u00edrenie hubov\u00fdch ochoren\u00ed, napr\u00edklad monili\u00f3zy pri k\u00f4stkovin\u00e1ch \u010di rakoviny pri jabloniach. Odstra\u0148ovan\u00edm such\u00fdch alebo nevhodne rast\u00facich kon\u00e1rov zvy\u0161ujeme aj bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 stromu a predch\u00e1dzame vzniku tlakov\u00fdch vetven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pri pres\u00e1dzan\u00ed strom v\u017edy pr\u00edde o \u010das\u0165 kore\u0148ov, najm\u00e4 ak ide o vo\u013enokorenn\u00fd v\u00fdpestok. \u010cas\u0165 kore\u0148ovej s\u00fastavy zost\u00e1va v \u0161k\u00f4lke a t\u00fato stratu mus\u00edme vyrovna\u0165 rezom nadzemnej \u010dasti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ani strom\u010dek z kontajnera nie je v\u00fdnimkou. Hoci sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165, \u017ee korene ostali neporu\u0161en\u00e9, presadenie predstavuje v\u00fdrazn\u00fd z\u00e1sah a zmenu prostredia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V \u0161k\u00f4lke je mlad\u00fd strom pravidelne zavla\u017eovan\u00fd, \u010dasto aj nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t denne. Podmienky v z\u00e1hrade alebo sade s\u00fa v\u0161ak odli\u0161n\u00e9. Ide o radik\u00e1lnu zmenu stanovi\u0161\u0165a, na ktor\u00fa sa strom mus\u00ed adaptova\u0165. Spr\u00e1vne vykonan\u00fd rez mu pom\u00e1ha t\u00fato zmenu zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bez systematick\u00e9ho v\u00fdchovn\u00e9ho rezu b\u00fdva koruna slab\u00e1 a pod v\u00e1hou \u00farody sa m\u00f4\u017ee l\u00e1ma\u0165. Dospel\u00e9 stromy dok\u00e1\u017eu prinies\u0165 stovky kilogramov ovocia, preto mus\u00ed by\u0165 ich kostra pevn\u00e1 a dobre zalo\u017een\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00e1ve rezom vytv\u00e1rame z\u00e1klad bud\u00facej koruny a jej nosn\u00fa kon\u0161trukciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mlad\u00e9 strom\u010deky bez rezu \u010dasto za\u010dn\u00fa plodi\u0165 pr\u00edli\u0161 skoro a n\u00e1sledne sa ich rast spomal\u00ed alebo \u00faplne zastav\u00ed. Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd n\u00e1zor, \u017ee rezom strom \u201eprin\u00fatime\u201c rodi\u0165, je myln\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Rez naopak podporuje tvorbu nov\u00e9ho rastu. V mladosti strom t\u00fato energiu vyu\u017e\u00edva na budovanie koruny. V neskor\u0161om veku pristupujeme k rezu opatrnej\u0161ie a zasahujeme len v nevyhnutnom rozsahu. Strom rod\u00ed prirodzene, na\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1sahom len udr\u017eiavame rovnov\u00e1hu medzi rastom a plodnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cie\u013eom je vybudova\u0165 pevn\u00fa kostru, ktor\u00e1 stromu vydr\u017e\u00ed po\u010das cel\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Plodenie postupne obmedzuje rast nov\u00e9ho dreva. Ak strom nadmerne rod\u00ed, m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 k tzv. preplodeniu, pri ktorom sa kvalita ovocia zni\u017euje a rast sa zastav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V takom pr\u00edpade zasahujeme udr\u017eiavac\u00edm alebo zmladzovac\u00edm rezom. Sna\u017e\u00edme sa zachova\u0165 rovnov\u00e1hu medzi rodivos\u0165ou a primeran\u00fdm pr\u00edrastkom nov\u00fdch v\u00fdhonkov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nadmern\u00e1 n\u00e1sada plodov m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 aj k l\u00e1maniu kon\u00e1rov. Spr\u00e1vny rez pom\u00e1ha pred\u00eds\u0165 po\u0161kodeniu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 predl\u017euje \u017eivotnos\u0165 stromu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V praxi rozli\u0161ujeme tri z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 obdobia rezu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zimn\u00fd rez<\/strong> sa vykon\u00e1va mimo veget\u00e1cie, po opade listov a\u017e do konca febru\u00e1ra, v chladnej\u0161\u00edch oblastiach do konca marca. Kon\u010d\u00ed sa nalievan\u00edm p\u00fa\u010dikov. V tomto obdob\u00ed re\u017eeme star\u0161ie stromy na podporu rastu a ide o hlavn\u00fd term\u00edn na ich zmladzovanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Letn\u00fd rez<\/strong> prebieha po\u010das veget\u00e1cie, ke\u010f je strom olisten\u00fd. Tento z\u00e1sah rast oslabuje a podporuje tvorbu kvetn\u00fdch pukov, najm\u00e4 skracovan\u00edm letorastov, napr\u00edklad formou \u0160ittovho alebo Gaucherovho rezu. Pri k\u00f4stkovin\u00e1ch sa vykon\u00e1va najnesk\u00f4r do 10. a\u017e 15. j\u00fana. Star\u00e9 stromy v tomto obdob\u00ed nezmladzujeme, mohli by sme ich oslabi\u0165 bez po\u017eadovanej reakcie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Predjarn\u00fd rez<\/strong> sa realizuje v \u010dase pr\u00fadenia miazgy, od nalievania p\u00fa\u010dikov a\u017e po kvitnutie, spravidla od za\u010diatku marca. Uplat\u0148uje sa pri vit\u00e1lnych, dobre rast\u00facich stromoch a vyu\u017e\u00edva sa najm\u00e4 na v\u00fdchovn\u00e9, presvet\u013eovacie a udr\u017eiavacie z\u00e1sahy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rez v\u017edy znamen\u00e1 vznik r\u00e1n, preto je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 kvalitn\u00e9 a ostr\u00e9 n\u00e1radie, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010d\u00ed hladk\u00fd a \u010dist\u00fd rez. Nekvalitn\u00e9 pom\u00f4cky zanech\u00e1vaj\u00fa po\u0161koden\u00e9 pletiv\u00e1 a zhor\u0161uj\u00fa hojenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uprednost\u0148ujeme profesion\u00e1lne arboristick\u00e9 p\u00edlky s vymenite\u013en\u00fdm listom a ergonomickou rukov\u00e4\u0165ou. S\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 na rez \u017eiv\u00e9ho dreva, such\u00e9 kon\u00e1re ich r\u00fdchlo otupia. Praktick\u00e9 puzdro umo\u017e\u0148uje bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 uchytenie na nohe, aby bola p\u00edlka v\u017edy po ruke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Odpor\u00fa\u010daj\u00fa sa dva typy: D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 s\u00fa aj kvalitn\u00e9 dvoj\u010depe\u013eov\u00e9 z\u00e1hradn\u00edcke no\u017enice, ktor\u00e9 dobre sedia v ruke. Ide\u00e1lne je, ak s\u00fa v\u0161etky ich \u010dasti vymenite\u013en\u00e9. Pri spr\u00e1vnej \u00fadr\u017ebe vydr\u017eia aj desa\u0165ro\u010dia intenz\u00edvneho pou\u017e\u00edvania.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pre\u010do mlad\u00e9 ovocn\u00e9 strom\u010deky nesta\u010d\u00ed len zasadi\u0165 a po p\u00e1r rokoch sa k nim vr\u00e1ti\u0165 s ko\u0161\u00edkom? Odpove\u010f je ukryt\u00e1 v samotnej biol\u00f3gii stromu. Rez nie je rozmar z\u00e1hradk\u00e1ra, ale vedom\u00fd z\u00e1sah, ktor\u00fdm","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezaradene"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fixmajster.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fixmajster.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fixmajster.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fixmajster.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fixmajster.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1424"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.fixmajster.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1426,"href":"https:\/\/www.fixmajster.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1424\/revisions\/1426"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fixmajster.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fixmajster.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fixmajster.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fixmajster.sk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n\n\n\nN\u00e1radie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u2013 zahnut\u00fd list s d\u013a\u017ekou 270 a\u017e 370 mm pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie stromy,
\u2013 u\u017e\u0161\u00ed list s d\u013a\u017ekou 200 a\u017e 300 mm vhodn\u00fd pre mlad\u0161ie stromy a univerz\u00e1lne pou\u017eitie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n